![]() The women from the Kuki-Zomi tribe are shown being paraded naked by dozens of men who were assaulting them. It happened on 4 May in Thoubal district in the majority Meitei-dominated valley, less than 20 miles from the state capital Imphal. Original article on Live Science.There is outrage in India over a video of tribal women being paraded naked and assaulted - with one allegedly gang raped during the incident in the northeastern state of Manipur. Follow Live Science, Facebook & Google+. But because some people considered vegetative show flickers of consciousness, death certificates should only be issued when someone has met the criteria for brain death, she said.įollow Tia Ghose on Twitter and Google+. That would still allow people whose hearts had stopped, or who had no brain function, to be issued death certificates, but wouldn't create two types of death, she said.īy that definition, some patients now considered to be in a persistent vegetative state might instead be considered dead. "The thing that we care most about the brain is the fact that it sponsors consciousness," so death should be defined as the irreversible loss of that consciousness, Whetstine told Live Science. The distinction between brain death and circulatory death only muddies matters, Whetstine said. "That's where the controversy occurs about whether they are dead at that moment," he said. That raises the possibility that some revivable patients die when they didn't have to, Bernat said.īecause some death determinations require a doctor to make a choice to intervene, or stop fighting, some cases can cause controversy.įor instance, a person may already be in the hospital and listed as an organ donor, and "suddenly, their heart stops beating," Bernat said. But sometimes, CPR is not performed for long enough. "The question is, how long does the heart have to stop beating before you can call someone dead?" Bernat said.Ĭardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can revive people many minutes after their heart stops beating, often with no lasting brain damage, so doctors should perform CPR for at least 38 minutes, a 2013 study presented at the American Heart Association meeting found.ĭoctors can issue a death certificate before that point, and often do if a patient has a do-not-resuscitate order. But hearts can sometimes be restarted after they stop beating, so the call is tricky. "The person who was diagnosed as brain-dead was an ideal multiple organ donor," because all of their organs were supplied with oxygen and, therefore, were not damaged, Bernat said.ĭoctors can also declare people dead if their heart stops beating and won't start up again on its own. ![]() Strides in organ transplantation also drove the push for this new category of death. Doctors make that call by performing neurological exams to search for electrical brain activity, or blood circulation to the brain, as well as a test to see if the patient attempts to breathe when the ventilator is turned off. To be declared brain-dead, a person must have irreversibly lost function in all parts of his or her brain. That led to a whole class of people with warm bodies and circulating blood - who could even fight off infections or gestate a baby - but who had absolutely no brain function, said Leslie Whetstine, a philosopher at Walsh University in Ohio who studies the definitions of death. ![]() Once one part of the system failed, then the others would soon shut down as well, the reasoning went.īut the advent of the mechanical ventilator, which pushes air into and out of the lungs, created a new category called brain death, Bernat said. Until the 1950s, death was considered to be the point when any one of the vital functions - heartbeat, electrical brain activity or respiration - ceased. "You're dead when a doctor says you're dead," Bernat told Live Science. ![]()
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